Mobile Data Gathering with Load Balanced Clustering and Dual Data Uploading in Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

In this paper, a three-layer framework is proposed for mobile data collection in wireless sensor networks, which includes the sensor layer, cluster head layer, and mobile collector (called SenCar) layer. The framework employs distributed load balanced clustering and dual data uploading, which is referred to as LBC-DDU. The objective is to achieve good scalability, long network lifetime and low data collection latency. At the sensor layer, a distributed load balanced clustering (LBC) algorithm is proposed for sensors to self-organize themselves into clusters.

In contrast to existing clustering methods, our scheme generates multiple cluster heads in each cluster to balance the work load and facilitate dual data uploading. At the cluster head layer, the inter-cluster transmission range is carefully chosen to guarantee the connectivity among the clusters. Multiple cluster heads within a cluster cooperate with each other to perform energy-saving inter-cluster communications. Through intercluster transmissions, cluster head information is forwarded to SenCar for its moving trajectory planning. At the mobile collector layer, SenCar is equipped with two antennas, which enables two cluster heads to simultaneously upload data to SenCar in each time by utilizing multi-user multiple-input and multiple-output (MU-MIMO) technique. The trajectory planning for SenCar is optimized to fully utilize dual data uploading capability by properly selecting polling points in each cluster. By visiting each selected polling point, SenCar can efficiently gather data from cluster heads and transport the data to the static data sink. Extensive simulations are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed LBC-DDU scheme. The results show that when each cluster has at most two cluster heads, LBC-DDU achieves over 50% energy saving per node and 60% energy saving on cluster heads comparing with data collection through multi-hop relay to the static data sink, and 20% shorter data collection time compared to traditional mobile data gathering.

Aim

The main aim is to achieve good scalability, long network lifetime and low data collection latency by employs distributed load balanced clustering and dual data uploading, which is referred to as LBC-DDU.

Scope

The scope is to frame a three-layer framework is proposed for mobile data collection in wireless sensor networks, which includes the sensor layer, cluster head layer, and mobile collector (called SenCar) layer.

Existing System

Sensors are generally densely deployed and randomly scattered over a sensing field and left unattended after being deployed, which makes it difficult to recharge or replace their batteries. After sensors form into autonomous organizations, those sensors near the data sink typically deplete their batteries much faster than others due to more relaying traffic. When sensors around the data sink deplete their energy, network connectivity and coverage may not be guaranteed. Due to these constraints, it is crucial to design an energy-efficient data collection scheme that consumes energy uniformly across the sensing field to achieve long network lifetime. Furthermore, as sensing data in some applications are time-sensitive, data collection may be required to be performed within a specified time frame. Therefore, an efficient, large-scale data collection scheme should aim at good scalability, long network lifetime and low data latency.

 Disadvantages

·      The proliferation of the implementation for low-cost, low-power, multifunctional sensors has made wireless sensor networks (WSNs) a prominent data collection paradigm for extracting local measures of interests. In such applications, sensors are generally densely deployed and randomly scattered over a sensing field and left unattended after being deployed, which makes it difficult to recharge or replace their batteries.

·      After sensors form into autonomous organizations, those sensors near the data sink typically deplete their batteries much faster than others due to more relaying traffic. When sensors around the data sink deplete their energy, network connectivity and coverage may not be guaranteed.

·      Due to these constraints, it is crucial to design an energy-efficient data collection scheme that consumes energy uniformly across the sensing field to achieve long network lifetime

Proposed System

First, we propose a distributed algorithm to organize sensors into clusters, where each cluster has multiple cluster heads. In contrast to clustering techniques proposed in previous works, our algorithm balances the load of intra-cluster aggregation and enables dual data uploading between multiple cluster heads and the mobile collector. Second, multiple cluster heads within a cluster can collaborate with each other to perform energy-efficient intercluster transmissions. Different from other hierarchical schemes, in our algorithm, cluster heads do not relay data packets from other clusters, which effectively alleviates the burden of each cluster head. Instead, forwarding paths among clusters are only used to route small-sized identification (ID) information of cluster heads to the mobile collector for optimizing the data collection tour. Third, we deploy a mobile collector with two antennas (called SenCar in this paper) to allow concurrent uploading from two cluster heads by using MU-MIMO communication.

Advantages

·      When each cluster has at most two cluster heads, LBC-DDU achieves over 50% energy saving per node and 60% energy saving on cluster heads comparing with data collection through multi-hop relay to the static data sink, and 20% shorter data collection time compared to traditional mobile data gathering.

·      The main advantage is to utilize distributed clustering for scalability, to employ mobility for energy saving and uniform energy consumption, and to exploit Multi-User Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MUMIMO) technique for concurrent data uploading to shorten latency.

     System Architecture

 

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

Hardware Requirements

• Speed                  -    1.1 Ghz
• Processor              -    Pentium IV
• RAM                    -    512 MB (min)
• Hard Disk            -    40 GB
• Key Board                    -    Standard Windows Keyboard
• Mouse                  -    Two or Three Button Mouse
• Monitor                -     LCD/LED

 Software requirements

• Operating System              : Windows 7             
•  Front End                           : ASP.Net and C#
• Database                             : MSSQL
• Tool                                    : Microsoft Visual studio

References

Miao Zhao; Yuanyuan Yang; Cong Wang "MOBILE DATA GATHERING WITH LOAD BALANCED CLUSTERING AND DUAL DATA UPLOADING IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS" IEEE Transactions on mobile computing Volume: 14, Issue: 4 July 2014.